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About

Theodore Roosevelt National Park is located in western North Dakota within the rugged badlands of the Little Missouri River Valley. Established as a national memorial park in 1947 and redesignated as a national park in 1978, it encompasses approximately 110 square miles (285 sq km).

The park is divided into three separate units—the North Unit, South Unit, and Elkhorn Ranch Unit—and preserves the dramatic landscapes that profoundly influenced the life and conservation philosophy of Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt often credited his experiences in the North Dakota Badlands with shaping his commitment to conservation and the protection of America’s natural resources.

The park is best known for its colorful badlands, abundant wildlife, and connection to Theodore Roosevelt. Visitors are drawn to scenic drives, sweeping prairie vistas, rugged canyons, and the opportunity to explore landscapes that remain remarkably similar to those Roosevelt experienced in the 1880s.

Popular attractions include Painted Canyon Overlook, the scenic South Unit Loop Drive, and the historic Elkhorn Ranch Site, often referred to as Roosevelt’s “home ranch.” Hiking, wildlife viewing, horseback riding, camping, photography, and stargazing are among the park’s most popular activities.

Geographically, Theodore Roosevelt National Park lies within the Northern Great Plains and protects a striking badlands landscape formed by thousands of years of erosion. The terrain consists of colorful sedimentary rock layers, buttes, mesas, grasslands, river valleys, and rugged ravines carved by the Little Missouri River and its tributaries.

Elevations range from approximately 2,000 to 2,800 feet (610–850 m). The park’s semi-arid climate supports a blend of mixed-grass prairie, sagebrush communities, juniper woodlands, and cottonwood-lined river corridors. Seasonal changes bring dramatic variations in color and wildlife activity across the landscape.

Wildlife within Theodore Roosevelt National Park is among the most abundant of any national park in the Great Plains. Mammals include American bison, elk, pronghorn, mule deer, white-tailed deer, coyotes, badgers, prairie dogs, and wild horses that roam portions of the park.

The park’s bison herd is one of its most iconic features and reflects successful efforts to restore native wildlife to the region. Birdlife includes golden eagles, ferruginous hawks, wild turkeys, sharp-tailed grouse, meadowlarks, and numerous migratory songbirds. Reptiles, amphibians, and native prairie plants further contribute to the park’s ecological diversity.

Theodore Roosevelt National Park plays a vital role in preserving one of the largest protected badlands ecosystems in the northern Great Plains. The park safeguards prairie habitats, protects native wildlife populations, and preserves landscapes closely associated with the birth of the American conservation movement.

Its significance is often compared to Badlands National Park and Wind Cave National Park because of its prairie ecosystems, wildlife, and conservation history. Through its colorful badlands, free-ranging bison, scenic river valleys, and connection to Theodore Roosevelt’s legacy, Theodore Roosevelt National Park stands as one of America’s most important protected landscapes and a living tribute to the nation’s conservation heritage.

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Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park

Things to See

Bison and badlands are the epitomai of the national park’s experience.  The badlands add rich character to the terrain where the buffalo roam.

Badlands

The badlands represent a unique dry terrain that is characterized by sedimentary rocks and clay soils that have been significantly eroded and carved out by wind and water.

The eroded rock formations of the badlands can display the characteristics of buttes, canyons, gullies, hoodoos, and ravines. The sedimentary rock and rich clay vary in colors from the more commonly displayed shades of red to darker tans, browns, and even black.

The hoodoo characteristics are quite different than those seen in Bryce Canyon National Park. The territory is probably more renowned in the southern neighbor of Badlands National Park.

Bison

Although bison are popular in Yellowstone National Park, they are one of the highlight attractions of the badlands area. The American Bison is the species that populate the area.

Bison are massive ungulates and often called buffalo in the United States and Canada. Wood Buffalo National Park is another place that is common for seeing the wood bison.

Bison can reach lengths of 11.6 feet (3.5 m) with heights reaching as much as 6 feet 1 inch (186 cm).  These massive wildlife tanks can reach weights as high as 2,599 pounds (1,179 kg).  Bison are a highlight of the park, but they are wild and should not be approached in any way.

Popular

Popular

Theodore Roosevelt National Park, a rugged landscape in the North Dakota Badlands, celebrates the conservation legacy of its namesake by providing a haven for diverse wildlife species, each adding to the park’s wild beauty and offering visitors a glimpse into America’s natural heritage.

Bison Roaming the rolling prairies, bison symbolize the spirit of the Old West, their herds a majestic sight that dominates the park’s landscape.

Wild Horse Descendants of domesticated stock, wild horses add a touch of the untamed to the park, their bands freely roaming the badlands and grasslands.

Elk In the quieter corners of the park, elk can be seen grazing, especially at dawn and dusk, their bugles echoing during the rutting season.

Prairie Dog Colonies of prairie dogs are a common and entertaining sight, their intricate burrow systems dotting the park’s grasslands, a keystone species of the ecosystem.

Mule Deer Adapted to the park’s rugged terrain, mule deer are often spotted at the edge of woodlands and open spaces, browsing on the diverse vegetation.

Bighorn Sheep With their impressive curled horns, bighorn sheep navigate the park’s rocky outcrops with ease, a testament to the adaptability and resilience of wildlife.

Golden Eagle Soaring above the badlands, golden eagles embody the freedom of the open skies, their keen eyesight scouting the ground below for prey.

Coyote The cunning coyote, an emblem of the American wilderness, is frequently heard at night and seen traversing the park, a versatile predator and scavenger.

Turkey Vulture Circling the skies, turkey vultures are often seen riding thermals, their presence vital to the ecosystem as nature’s cleanup crew.

Badger The elusive badger, with its distinctive markings and powerful digging abilities, is a rare sight, embodying the rugged survivalism of the park’s inhabitants.

Theodore Roosevelt National Park’s wildlife, from the iconic bison to the solitary badger, invites visitors to explore and appreciate the enduring legacy of conservation and the vibrant tapestry of life in one of America’s most storied landscapes.

Things To Do

Engaging Theodore Roosevelt National Park

Hiking

Hiking

Scenic Drives

Scenic Drives

Theodore Roosevelt National Park Trails

There are over 200 miles (321 km) of hiking trails spread across the three different Units of the larger park.

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Wind Canyon Trail

This is a short half-mile (0.8 km) trail that walks to a lookout over the river and terrain.

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Caprock Coulee Loop Trail

This is a 4.4-mile (7.08 km) loop trail with 583 feet (177.7 km) elevation gain.  There are chances to see wildlife and wildflowers.  The highlight of the trail is the views of the badland terrain.  This is one of the most popular trails in the park.

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Boicourt Overlook Trail

This is a short 0.8-mile (1.29 km) trail out and back that offers panoramic views out over the badlands.  This is a popular trail because of the easy access and stunning views.

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Painted Canyon Nature Trail

This is a short 1-mile (1.6 km) loop trail that meanders along the painted canyon.  There are chances of seeing wildlife while enjoying the scenic views.

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Petrified Forest Trail

This is a moderate-rated loop trail that has 833 feet (253.99 m) of elevation gain. The trail circles around some of the badland terrain with chances of see wildlife as well as petrified remnants.

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Petrified Forest Loop

Rating: Moderate

Distance and Elevation Gain: 10.6 miles loop with an elevation gain of about 250 feet (76 meters)

Description: One of the park’s more remote trails, this loop takes hikers through the park’s petrified forest, one of the largest deposits of petrified wood in the world. Along the way, hikers will see stunning badlands formations and may encounter bison, prairie dogs, and wild horses in their natural habitat.

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Boicourt Trail

Rating: Easy

Distance and Elevation Gain: 0.3 miles out and back with minimal elevation gain

Description: Offering expansive views of the badlands with very little effort, the Boicourt Trail is an accessible option for all visitors. Overlooks along the trail provide stunning vistas of the surrounding landscape, making it a favorite for photographers and families.

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Caprock Coulee Trail

Rating: Moderate

Distance and Elevation Gain: 4.3 miles loop with an elevation gain of about 400 feet (122 meters)

Description: This trail takes hikers through some of the park’s most scenic badlands, with diverse terrain including grasslands, coulees, and caprock formations. The Caprock Coulee Trail offers a more challenging hike that showcases the rugged beauty of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, with opportunities to see bison and other wildlife along the way.

Park Protection

Theodore Roosevelt National ParkTheodore Roosevelt National Park was created to protect the rugged badlands, mixed-grass prairies, and wildlife of western North Dakota that helped shape the conservation philosophy of Theodore Roosevelt. The park provides habitat for bison, elk, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, and prairie dogs, along with numerous grassland bird species. Its native prairie ecosystems support a rich diversity of plants and animals that have declined across much of the Great Plains due to habitat loss and development.

The park is especially significant for preserving one of the largest protected areas of northern mixed-grass prairie in the United States. Its colorful badlands, eroded buttes, and river valleys provide a striking contrast to the surrounding plains. Together, Theodore Roosevelt National Park safeguards native prairie ecosystems, iconic Great Plains wildlife, and the landscapes that inspired one of America’s greatest conservation leaders.

FAQ’s

What is Theodore Roosevelt National Park known for?

Theodore Roosevelt National Park, located in North Dakota, is known for its rugged badlands, scenic vistas, and abundant wildlife. Named after the 26th President of the United States, who had a deep appreciation for the natural world, the park preserves the rugged landscape that Roosevelt once explored and found solace in.

One of the main attractions of the park is its stunning badlands scenery, characterized by colorful rock formations, dramatic cliffs, and sweeping prairie vistas. Visitors can explore the park’s scenic drives, hiking trails, and overlooks to take in the breathtaking views of the rugged terrain.

In addition to its scenic beauty, Theodore Roosevelt National Park is renowned for its wildlife viewing opportunities. The park is home to a variety of species, including bison, elk, deer, prairie dogs, and numerous bird species. Wildlife enthusiasts can spot these animals roaming freely in their natural habitat throughout the park.

Overall, Theodore Roosevelt National Park offers visitors a chance to experience the beauty and tranquility of the North Dakota badlands while learning about the legacy of one of America’s most influential conservationists.

What is the main reason people visit Theodore Roosevelt National Park?

Theodore Roosevelt National Park is primarily visited for its colorful badlands scenery, abundant wildlife, scenic drives, and connection to President Theodore Roosevelt. Located in western North Dakota, the park protects more than 70,000 acres of rugged badlands, rolling prairies, river valleys, and wildlife habitat. Visitors come to experience dramatic landscapes, see wild bison and feral horses, hike scenic trails, enjoy peaceful solitude, and explore the region that helped shape Theodore Roosevelt’s conservation philosophy.

What animals can visitors hope to see in Theodore Roosevelt National Park?

Theodore Roosevelt National Park supports approximately 40 mammal species and a wide variety of reptiles, amphibians, and grassland wildlife.

Some of the most notable animals found in Theodore Roosevelt National Park include:

  1. American Bison
  2. Feral Horse
  3. Elk
  4. Mule Deer
  5. White-tailed Deer
  6. Pronghorn
  7. Coyote
  8. Bobcat
  9. Mountain Lion
  10. Red Fox
  11. American Badger
  12. Raccoon
  13. Striped Skunk
  14. Long-tailed Weasel
  15. Mink
  16. River Otter
  17. American Beaver
  18. Porcupine
  19. Black-tailed Prairie Dog
  20. Richardson’s Ground Squirrel
  21. Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel
  22. Least Chipmunk
  23. Deer Mouse
  24. White-footed Mouse
  25. Meadow Vole
  26. Prairie Vole
  27. Northern Pocket Gopher
  28. Ord’s Kangaroo Rat
  29. Desert Cottontail
  30. White-tailed Jackrabbit
  31. Big Brown Bat
  32. Hoary Bat
  33. Silver-haired Bat
  34. Little Brown Bat
  35. Long-legged Myotis
  36. Fringed Myotis
  37. Pallid Bat
  38. Western Small-footed Myotis
  39. Various Small Rodents
  40. Various Bat Species
  41. Prairie Rattlesnake
  42. Bullsnake
  43. Plains Garter Snake
  44. Western Hognose Snake
  45. Smooth Green Snake
  46. Common Snapping Turtle
  47. Painted Turtle
  48. Northern Leopard Frog
  49. Woodhouse’s Toad
  50. Tiger Salamander

What birds can visitors hope to see in Theodore Roosevelt National Park?

Theodore Roosevelt National Park is home to more than 185 bird species. Its grasslands, badlands, river corridors, and prairie habitats provide excellent opportunities for birdwatching.

Some of the most popular birds seen in Theodore Roosevelt National Park include:

  1. Golden Eagle
  2. Bald Eagle
  3. Ferruginous Hawk
  4. Red-tailed Hawk
  5. Swainson’s Hawk
  6. Rough-legged Hawk
  7. Northern Harrier
  8. Prairie Falcon
  9. American Kestrel
  10. Great Horned Owl
  11. Burrowing Owl
  12. Short-eared Owl
  13. Long-eared Owl
  14. Common Raven
  15. Black-billed Magpie
  16. Blue Jay
  17. American Crow
  18. Horned Lark
  19. Mountain Bluebird
  20. Western Bluebird
  21. Eastern Bluebird
  22. American Robin
  23. Loggerhead Shrike
  24. Cedar Waxwing
  25. Western Meadowlark
  26. Eastern Meadowlark
  27. Bobolink
  28. Red-winged Blackbird
  29. Brewer’s Blackbird
  30. Brown-headed Cowbird
  31. Savannah Sparrow
  32. Vesper Sparrow
  33. Grasshopper Sparrow
  34. Chipping Sparrow
  35. Clay-colored Sparrow
  36. Song Sparrow
  37. White-crowned Sparrow
  38. Dark-eyed Junco
  39. Yellow Warbler
  40. Wilson’s Warbler
  41. Common Yellowthroat
  42. Western Tanager
  43. Black-headed Grosbeak
  44. Lazuli Bunting
  45. Hairy Woodpecker
  46. Downy Woodpecker
  47. Northern Flicker
  48. Red-headed Woodpecker
  49. Sharp-tailed Grouse
  50. Wild Turkey

Is Theodore Roosevelt National Park worth visiting?

Yes, Theodore Roosevelt National Park is absolutely worth visiting and is one of the most underrated national parks in the United States.

The park offers stunning badlands scenery, large herds of bison, wild horses, prairie dog towns, scenic drives, excellent hiking opportunities, and relatively small crowds compared to many western parks. Visitors often appreciate the park’s peaceful atmosphere and the opportunity to experience the American Great Plains in a largely natural state.

The primary hesitation is that visitors expecting towering mountains or dramatic waterfalls may not immediately appreciate the beauty of the badlands landscape. However, many travelers find it to be one of the most memorable and authentic national park experiences in the country.

What is the best time to visit Theodore Roosevelt National Park?

The best time to visit Theodore Roosevelt National Park is from May through September.

Typical conditions include:

  • Spring: 35–75°F (2–24°C)
  • Summer: 50–90°F (10–32°C)
  • Fall: 35–75°F (2–24°C)
  • Winter: -10–40°F (-23–4°C)

During this period:

  • Wildlife is highly active.
  • Scenic drives are fully accessible.
  • Hiking conditions are favorable.
  • Prairie wildflowers may bloom.
  • Days are longer and warmer.

September is especially popular because of cooler temperatures and elk rut activity.

How many days do you need to visit Theodore Roosevelt National Park?

While many visitors wil spend a day in the park leveraging the scenic drive, most visitors should plan for 2 to 3 days to maximize what the park affords guests.

  • 1 day: South Unit scenic drive and wildlife viewing.
  • 2 days: South Unit and North Unit exploration.
  • 3 days: Hiking, wildlife photography, and backcountry experiences.
  • 4+ days: Extensive hiking and prairie ecosystem exploration.

Two days generally allows visitors to experience both major sections of the park.

How do you get to Theodore Roosevelt National Park?

Theodore Roosevelt National Park is located in western North Dakota along Interstate 94 near the town of Medora.

The closest airports include:

  • Dickinson Theodore Roosevelt Regional Airport – approximately 35 minutes away.
  • Bismarck Municipal Airport – approximately 2 hours away.
  • Williston Basin International Airport – approximately 2 hours away.

Most visitors follow this route:

  1. Fly into Dickinson, Bismarck, or Williston.
  2. Rent a vehicle.
  3. Travel via Interstate 94.
  4. Enter through one of the park’s units.

South Unit

The most visited section of the park is:

  • South Unit

Located adjacent to Medora, this area features:

  • Scenic overlooks.
  • Large bison herds.
  • Wild horse viewing.
  • Prairie dog towns.
  • Visitor center facilities.

Most first-time visitors begin here.

Scenic Loop Drive

The park’s most popular drive is:

  • South Unit Scenic Loop Drive

Highlights include:

  • Colorful badlands formations.
  • Wildlife viewing opportunities.
  • Scenic overlooks.
  • Access to hiking trails.
  • Sunset photography locations.

North Unit

The quieter and more remote section is:

  • North Unit

Known for:

  • Dramatic badlands scenery.
  • Fewer crowds.
  • Scenic drives.
  • Excellent wildlife viewing.
  • Outstanding hiking opportunities.

Many visitors consider the North Unit the park’s most scenic area.

Elkhorn Ranch Unit

The park also protects:

  • Elkhorn Ranch Unit

This site preserves the location of Theodore Roosevelt’s historic ranch and is often described as the heart of the park’s historical significance.

Major Attractions

Popular destinations include:

  • Painted Canyon Overlook
  • Buck Hill
  • Wind Canyon Trail
  • Caprock Coulee Trail
  • River Bend Overlook

Travel Times

Typical travel times include:

  • Dickinson to South Unit: approximately 35 minutes.
  • Bismarck to South Unit: approximately 2 hours.
  • South Unit to North Unit: approximately 1.5 hours.
  • Williston to North Unit: approximately 2 hours.
  • Medora to most South Unit attractions: 10–30 minutes.

Because the park’s major units are separated by significant distances, visitors should plan accordingly.

Who is involved in protecting and supporting Theodore Roosevelt National Park?

Several organizations help protect and support Theodore Roosevelt National Park:

  • National Park Service – manages Theodore Roosevelt National Park.
  • Theodore Roosevelt Nature and History Association – supports education, interpretation, and conservation programs.
  • National Park Foundation – supports projects throughout the National Park System.
  • Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library Foundation – promotes education and conservation inspired by Theodore Roosevelt’s legacy.
  • Indigenous communities including the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara peoples, who maintain historical connections to the region.

Can you see wild horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park?

Yes. The park is one of the best places in the United States to observe free-roaming feral horses, particularly in the South Unit.

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