Pshav-Khevsureti National Park

About

Pshav-Khevsureti National Park (Georgian: ფშავ-ხევსურეთის ეროვნული პარკი) is located in northeastern Georgia within the historic mountain regions of Pshavi and Khevsureti. Established in 2011, the park covers approximately 311 square miles (804 sq km), making it one of the largest protected areas in Georgia.

Situated along the Greater Caucasus Mountains near the border with Russia, the park protects a dramatic landscape of alpine peaks, deep gorges, glacial rivers, mountain meadows, and traditional stone villages. It forms part of the larger Pshav-Khevsureti Protected Areas complex, which preserves both natural ecosystems and centuries-old mountain culture.

The park is best known for its rugged wilderness and cultural heritage. Visitors are drawn to spectacular mountain scenery, ancient defensive towers, medieval settlements, and some of the finest trekking routes in the Caucasus. Historic villages such as Shatili and Mutso are among the most iconic attractions, featuring stone fortress complexes that blend seamlessly into the mountainous landscape.

Hiking, horseback riding, mountaineering, wildlife observation, and cultural exploration are popular activities throughout the park. Its remote location and pristine environment provide visitors with an authentic experience of Georgia’s high mountain wilderness.

Geographically, Pshav-Khevsureti National Park encompasses some of the most rugged terrain in the Greater Caucasus. Elevations range from approximately 3,300 feet (1,000 m) in river valleys to peaks exceeding 14,000 feet (4,300 m). The landscape consists of alpine meadows, rocky ridges, glaciers, steep mountain slopes, and deep river canyons carved by tributaries of the Aragvi and Andaki rivers.

Forests of pine, birch, beech, and spruce dominate lower elevations, while alpine grasslands and rocky habitats characterize the higher mountain zones. The park’s varied topography supports a remarkable diversity of ecosystems and species.

Wildlife within Pshav-Khevsureti National Park is among the richest in the Caucasus Mountains. Mammals include East Caucasian tur, chamois, brown bears, wolves, lynx, wildcats, red foxes, and roe deer. The park provides important habitat for the endangered Caucasian leopard, one of the rarest large predators in the region.

Birdlife is equally impressive, with golden eagles, bearded vultures, griffon vultures, Caucasian snowcocks, black grouse, and numerous alpine species inhabiting the park. Amphibians, reptiles, and a diverse array of mountain flora further contribute to the park’s ecological significance.

Pshav-Khevsureti National Park plays a critical role in protecting the biodiversity and cultural landscapes of the Greater Caucasus. The park safeguards important migration corridors, preserves pristine watersheds, and provides refuge for many rare and endangered species.

Its conservation significance is often compared to Kazbegi National Park and Tusheti National Park because of its high mountain ecosystems, wildlife, and traditional cultural heritage. Through its towering peaks, ancient villages, rare wildlife, and breathtaking landscapes, Pshav-Khevsureti National Park stands as one of Georgia’s most remarkable protected areas and a treasured sanctuary of Caucasian nature and history.

Things to See

Wildlife Cultural Heritage

Pshav-Khevsureti National Park is a captivating region in northeastern Georgia, known for its rugged landscapes, alpine meadows, and rich biodiversity. This park is home to a variety of wildlife species that thrive in its pristine environment. Below are some of the popular species found in the park, excluding birds.

Eurasian Brown Bear
The Eurasian brown bear is one of the park’s most iconic mammals, roaming its dense forests and mountainous terrains. These large omnivores play a critical role in the ecosystem by spreading seeds and maintaining balance in the food chain.

Caucasian Red Deer
This majestic species is known for its striking antlers and graceful presence in alpine meadows. The red deer is an important part of the park’s biodiversity and a symbol of the wilderness in the region.

Chamois
Chamois are nimble mountain goats that thrive in steep and rocky terrains. Their agility and resilience make them well-suited for life in Pshav-Khevsureti’s challenging landscapes.

Grey Wolf
An elusive predator, the grey wolf contributes to the park’s ecological health by controlling populations of herbivores. They are known for their intelligence and complex social structures.

Eurasian Lynx
The Eurasian lynx is a stealthy and solitary feline that inhabits the park’s remote forests. Its sharp hunting skills and elusive nature make it a rare sight for visitors.

Wild Boar
Wild boars are highly adaptable and thrive in the park’s diverse habitats. They forage for roots, tubers, and small animals, playing a key role in the ecosystem as scavengers.

Caucasian Salamander
This rare amphibian is found in the damp, forested areas of the park. It is known for its striking coloration and its role as an indicator species of environmental health.

Rock Hyrax
Though small, rock hyraxes are fascinating mammals that dwell in rocky outcrops. They are social creatures and contribute to the ecosystem by providing prey for larger predators.

Caucasian Viper
This venomous snake is often found basking on rocky surfaces. It plays a vital role in controlling rodent populations and maintaining balance in the food web.

European Otter
A playful semi-aquatic mammal, the European otter thrives in the clean streams and rivers of Pshav-Khevsureti. Its presence is a testament to the high water quality in the park.

Birds

Pshav-Khevsureti National Park is also home to a remarkable variety of bird species, which enrich the park’s landscapes with their beauty and song. Below are some of the popular bird species found in the park.

Bearded Vulture (Lammergeier)
This striking bird of prey is known for its unique diet of bones, which it breaks open by dropping them from great heights. The bearded vulture is a symbol of the wild, untamed nature of the Caucasus.

Caucasian Snowcock
A ground-dwelling bird found in high altitudes, the Caucasian snowcock is well-adapted to cold, rocky environments. Its calls echo across the mountainous terrain.

Golden Eagle
The golden eagle is a powerful and majestic raptor that soars above the park’s peaks. It is known for its keen eyesight and hunting prowess.

Eurasian Sparrowhawk
This agile bird of prey hunts small birds and mammals in the park’s woodlands. Its swift, acrobatic flight makes it a formidable predator.

Wallcreeper
A small but colorful bird, the wallcreeper is often seen climbing vertical rock faces. Its crimson and grey plumage adds a splash of color to the rugged cliffs.

Caucasian Black Grouse
This species is endemic to the region and is recognized for its unique courtship displays. The males are known for their striking black plumage and lyre-shaped tails.

Common Buzzard
A versatile raptor, the common buzzard can be seen gliding over forests and open landscapes. Its adaptability and varied diet make it a widespread species.

Eurasian Hoopoe
The Eurasian hoopoe is known for its distinct crown of feathers and melodious calls. It can be spotted in the park’s meadows and open woodlands.

Great Spotted Woodpecker
A striking bird with black, white, and red plumage, the great spotted woodpecker can often be heard drumming on trees as it searches for insects.

White-throated Dipper
This aquatic bird is a skilled swimmer and diver, often seen foraging in the park’s streams. Its presence reflects the pristine condition of the waterways.

Shatili Village

Nestled deep in the remote mountains of Georgia’s Khevsureti region, Shatili Village is a breathtaking medieval fortress-village that captivates visitors with its unique architecture and historical significance.

Situated near the border with Chechnya, this UNESCO World Heritage candidate is composed of a cluster of stone towers and dwellings interconnected to form a fortified complex. Built between the 7th and 13th centuries, Shatili served both as a residence and a defensive stronghold against invaders.

The village’s architecture is an extraordinary blend of practicality and artistry, with its towers stacked against the rugged mountain backdrop creating an awe-inspiring sight.

Visitors can wander through the maze-like alleys, explore ancient towers, and immerse themselves in the stories of Khevsur warriors. Surrounding landscapes of dramatic cliffs, alpine meadows, and rushing rivers add to the magical appeal of Shatili.

Accessible via a challenging but scenic mountain road, Shatili is a haven for adventure enthusiasts, photographers, and history lovers. The journey offers opportunities to witness the raw beauty of the Caucasus Mountains, making Shatili not just a destination but a full cultural and natural experience that brings Georgia’s ancient heritage to life.

Mutso Village

Perched on a steep rocky outcrop in the remote Khevsureti region, Mutso Village is one of Georgia’s most remarkable and mysterious historical sites. Known for its striking medieval architecture,

Mutso consists of over 30 fortified towers and houses that rise dramatically against the mountain terrain, creating a surreal and imposing silhouette. Dating back to the 10th century, the village was once an important defensive stronghold and a spiritual center for the local Khevsur people.

The village’s isolation has preserved its ancient charm, but reaching it requires determination. Visitors must traverse a steep trail or a rugged mountain road to access the site, but the effort is rewarded with stunning views of the surrounding Caucasus peaks and valleys.

Mutso also has spiritual significance, with numerous shrines and sacred sites scattered throughout the village, offering insight into the Khevsur people’s unique traditions.

Recent restoration efforts have helped preserve the ruins, making it safer and more accessible to visitors while maintaining its historical integrity. A visit to Mutso is a journey into Georgia’s medieval past and a testament to the resilience of human settlement in one of the world’s most challenging landscapes.

Things To Do

Engaging Pshav-Khevsureti National Park

Trekking

The Shatili-Mutso trek is a historical and cultural gem for adventurers. This route connects two ancient fortified villages, Shatili and Mutso, both perched on steep cliffs in the Khevsureti region.

Shatili’s medieval towers, built of stone and mortar, exude a haunting beauty, while Mutso, largely abandoned, offers a glimpse into the past with its mysterious stone constructions. The path winds through scenic valleys, crossing rivers and forests filled with birch and pine trees.

Along the way, you might encounter shepherds with their flocks or spot golden eagles soaring above. This trek combines cultural immersion with breathtaking landscapes, offering a glimpse into the history and resilience of the mountain communities.

Lake Hike

A must-visit destination within Pshav-Khevsureti National Park is the Abudelauri Lakes, a trio of stunning alpine lakes that enchant visitors with their unique colors—green, blue, and white.

The hike to the lakes begins in the picturesque village of Roshka, taking adventurers through lush alpine meadows dotted with wildflowers like edelweiss and gentians. This journey offers spectacular views of surrounding peaks, including the imposing Chaukhi Massif.

As you ascend, keep an eye out for wildlife such as chamois or even the rare Caucasian snowcock. The final reward, standing at the shimmering, distinctively colored lakes, offers a serene atmosphere and a deep connection to the natural beauty of the Georgian highlands. This trek is ideal for intermediate hikers seeking an unforgettable mountain experience.

Horseback Riding

The remote and untouched Arkhoti Valley is a haven for those seeking solitude and pristine nature. Accessible only by foot or horseback, this valley is home to traditional Georgian villages, where time seems to stand still.

As you traverse the valley, you’ll pass through diverse landscapes—rolling meadows, dense forests, and dramatic gorges. The Arkhoti River, with its crystal-clear waters, snakes through the valley, providing a tranquil soundtrack to your journey.

This area is also a biodiversity hotspot, with sightings of wolves, lynx, and bears not uncommon. For botanists, the valley teems with endemic plants like the Pshavian rhododendron. Arkhoti offers a rare chance to step back in time and connect with nature in its purest form.